John Stuart Mill, a towering figure in 19th-century philosophy, remains profoundly relevant today. His name is synonymous with liberty, utilitarianism, and progressive thought. But what exactly made him such an influential thinker?
At the heart of Mill's philosophy lies his unwavering commitment to individual freedom. In his seminal work, *On Liberty*, he argues that society should only interfere with individual actions to prevent harm to others. This "harm principle" became a cornerstone of liberal thought, advocating for the protection of minority opinions and dissenting voices.
Beyond liberty, Mill championed utilitarianism, the ethical theory that promotes actions maximizing overall happiness. However, he refined the concept, emphasizing the *quality* of happiness, distinguishing between "higher" intellectual pleasures and "lower" sensual ones. He believed that societies should strive to cultivate the former.
Mill was also a fervent advocate for social progress, championing women's rights and arguing for greater social equality. His philosophical framework continues to inspire debates on the balance between individual freedom and societal well-being, making his work essential reading for anyone interested in ethics, politics, and the pursuit of a just society.
